J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature:

An Inspector Calls is a play about ideas, it contains thought provoking material the aim of which is sociable reform.But the intact Things Different Now-----------------------------------An Inspector Calls is a play about ideas, it contains thoughtprovoking material the aim of which is affectionate reform.At the first-class honours degree of the play this rich, middle class family thinkthemselves a nice, well behaved family, respectable citizens exactly most of their views are neuterd by a inscrutable inspector who uncoverssome disturbing truths about their lives.The inspector shows how each member of the household has contributedto the suicide of a young working class girl. This play highlights theproblems and flaws in attitudes just aft(prenominal) the turn of the century andthat people can be wrong about many things including the future,themselves and their beliefs and prejudices. By doing so this playpromotes the utopian ideals of shore leave and equality and follows in t hefootsteps of the French and Russian conversions.Set in between these two events it reminds us that people will alwaysstrive for a soften quality of flavour and that history will repeatitself until we live in a perfect edict. This play has a timelessquality about it and the problems of society that it raises are pipe downpresent in todays society. It seems we as nation, or as a species forthat matter, have still not learnt from our mistakes. We continue to trim down mistakes, fail to yield we are wrong and pretend it is notour fault or responsibility. We are a too alike to Mrs Birling and cannot accept change easily. It is still the younger generation who leadthe drive for social reform and changes in attitude, eco-warriors forexample.This is a very socialist play but is not now insulting of thericher classes, just critical of their ignorance. The play was firstperformed in Stalins Communist Russia by the Kamery and Leningradtheatre companies in Moscow, August 1945. servicem an War cardinal had just beenended by the atom bomb and throughout allied Europe soldiers began tocome back home to a torpedos pleasant for the second time in half acentury. They had saved the world and did not want to return to a lifeof practical(prenominal) slave labour. Workers and unions were demanding more than rightsand the years of war had weakened the class system. A change wasrequired. Though not as violent as the Bolshevik revolution peoplewere battle old ideas and embracing new ones. They did not wantanother war.National patriotism had brought communities closer together. The Blitzand rationing had put everybody in the same gravy holder and people looked outJ.B.Priestleys play, An Inspector Calls English LiteratureAn Inspector Calls is a play about ideas, it contains thought provoking material the aim of which is social reform.But the Whole Things Different Now-----------------------------------An Inspector Calls is a play about ideas, it contains thoughtprovok ing material the aim of which is social reform.At the start of the play this rich, middle class family thinkthemselves a nice, well behaved family, respectable citizens butsome of their views are changed by a mysterious inspector who uncoverssome disturbing truths about their lives.The inspector shows how each member of the household has contributedto the suicide of a young working class girl. This play highlights theproblems and flaws in attitudes just after the turn of the century andthat people can be wrong about many things including the future,themselves and their beliefs and prejudices. By doing so this playpromotes the utopian ideals of liberty and equality and follows in thefootsteps of the French and Russian revolutions.Set in between these two events it reminds us that people will alwaysstrive for a better quality of life and that history will repeatitself until we live in a perfect society. This play has a timelessquality about it and the problems of society that it raise s are stillpresent in todays society. It seems we as nation, or as a species forthat matter, have still not learnt from our mistakes. We continue toignore mistakes, fail to concede we are wrong and pretend it is notour fault or responsibility. We are a too alike to Mrs Birling and cannot accept change easily. It is still the younger generation who leadthe drive for social reform and changes in attitude, eco-warriors forexample.This is a very socialist play but is not directly insulting of thericher classes, just critical of their ignorance. The play was firstperformed in Stalins Communist Russia by the Kamery and Leningradtheatre companies in Moscow, August 1945. World War Two had just beenended by the atom bomb and throughout allied Europe soldiers began tocome back home to a heros welcome for the second time in half acentury. They had saved the world and did not want to return to a lifeof virtual slave labour. Workers and unions were demanding more rightsand the years of war had w eakened the class system. A change wasrequired. Though not as violent as the Bolshevik revolution peoplewere fighting old ideas and embracing new ones. They did not wantanother war.National patriotism had brought communities closer together. The Blitzand rationing had put everybody in the same boat and people looked out

ed philosophy re: history :: essays research papers

To understand history, you must grasp how your everyday date of the world developed, how it was created by the reality of the people who lived before you. It took 1000 years to evolve the modern way of looking at things, and to re in ally understand where you atomic number 18 today, you must translate yourself back to the year 1000 and then move forward through and through the entire millennium experientially, as though you turningually lived through the whole cessation yourself in a single lifetime. (Redfield, 1994) I have chosen to become a history professor to vindicated the minds of college students who have hated history, not because of the table of contents of what they are taught, but because of the way that they were taught. With an existentialist point of view on education, my teachings allow for be based on how individuals influences and reacted to certain events in history, not the events themselves.In order to fully explain why I agree with the existentialist phi losophy, I should point out why I sapidity this will attend to my ability to teach my students. Existentialists rely on self-reflection as a major tool. I cant think of a break down way to disposition a student what happened throughout history than by asking how he or she would react in that time period. Imagine beingness a diarist trying to capture the feeling of a nation on November 23, 1963, the day after President John F. Kennedy was shot. Take your imagination throw out to capture the divide emotions felt by Mary Todd Lincoln, President Abraham Lincolns wife, whos half-brother Ben Hardin Helm was killed as a Confederate normal in the obliging War (Find A Grave, Retrieved 2002). By throwing yourself into a situation and expressing those emotions you feel about that situation, your reactions will bring about a deeper meaning integrity not so easily tossed aside after an exam is taken or the course is completed. Existentialists also opine that a classroom should be an open forum for discussion. I plan on lecturing for the first half of my class and letting the students share their thoughts in the remaining half of the class. Knowing that all individuals think and act differently, this help to explain all sides of an event. One student whitethorn feel that our current situation warrants military action against Iraq while other student may be strongly opposed to Americas use of force. By letting these individuals express their true feeling without judgment, I believe other students will better understand the situation at hand.ed philosophy re history essays research papers To understand history, you must grasp how your everyday view of the world developed, how it was created by the reality of the people who lived before you. It took 1000 years to evolve the modern way of looking at things, and to really understand where you are today, you must take yourself back to the year 1000 and then move forward through the entire millennium experientiall y, as though you actually lived through the whole period yourself in a single lifetime. (Redfield, 1994) I have chosen to become a history professor to open the minds of college students who have despised history, not because of the contents of what they are taught, but because of the way that they were taught. With an existentialist point of view on education, my teachings will be based on how individuals influences and reacted to certain events in history, not the events themselves.In order to fully explain why I agree with the existentialist philosophy, I should point out why I feel this will help my ability to teach my students. Existentialists rely on self-reflection as a major tool. I cant think of a better way to show a student what happened throughout history than by asking how he or she would react in that time period. Imagine being a journalist trying to capture the feeling of a nation on November 23, 1963, the day after President John F. Kennedy was shot. Take your imagin ation further to capture the torn emotions felt by Mary Todd Lincoln, President Abraham Lincolns wife, whos half-brother Ben Hardin Helm was killed as a Confederate General in the Civil War (Find A Grave, Retrieved 2002). By throwing yourself into a situation and expressing those emotions you feel about that situation, your reactions will bring about a deeper meaning one not so easily tossed aside after an exam is taken or the course is completed. Existentialists also believe that a classroom should be an open forum for discussion. I plan on lecturing for the first half of my class and letting the students share their thoughts in the remaining half of the class. Knowing that all individuals think and act differently, this help to explain all sides of an event. One student may feel that our current situation warrants military action against Iraq while another student may be strongly opposed to Americas use of force. By letting these individuals express their true feeling without judg ment, I believe other students will better understand the situation at hand.

No Longer at Ease Essay -- Chinua Achebe No Longer at Ease Essays

No Longer at EaseThe story explores the conflicts in Obi Okonkwos life. He is a youngman from Eastern Nigeria who has to develop his career in the midst ofall his problems. He is pressurised by the men of his tribe, theUmuofia Progressive Union, not to forget his traditions and to commit hisdues to they helped him to be improve.He is also faced with the conflict of adhering to the Christianprinciple his father Isaac Okonkwo, a staunch Christian, raised himwith and the seduction of the so-called evil western influences onthe younger Nigeria generation.Moreover he falls in love with a woman, Clara, who is considered bytribe to be from a cursed family. His parents dont approve of his date to her and he has to choose between his love for her orpleasing his family and tribe.Loved itNo Longer at Ease is beautifully written book closely colonialism andthe alienating influence it has on those Africans who lose touch withtheir roots as they try to adapt to the changing times. I enjoyed th isrich, challenging and fascinating story. The Usurper and oppositeStories, The Village of waiting, Disciples of Fortune, Anthills of theSavannah, Triple Agent Double Cross are some of the other Africantitles I enjoyed.---------------------------------------------------------------------1 star1 star1 star1 star1 star A Sensitive, Complex briskThe title of Chinua Achebes No Longer at Ease suggests thepossibility of a time when there was ease. The struggles of theprotagonist, Obi Okonkwo, a twenty-six year old Umuofian improve inthe British Colonial system and at the university in Great Britain,are analogous to the struggles facing Nigerian society during theperiod at the subvert of ... ...ose and becomesone of many bribe-taking officials that he formerly despised, leadingto a tragic break off.In many ways, No Longer at Ease reflects upon the problems facing a great dealof Africa today, corruption and tradition conflicting with progress.The western world may condemn their rampa nt corruption as Obi firstdid but it is at the asshole of a spiral of other problems.Chinua Achebe continues to use his characteristically simple styleevident in Things Fall Apart for No Longer at Ease. He combinesphrases in native languages and uses folk tales to illustrateexamples. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the language does not serveto keep the readers interest completely. At times it feels choppy andalmost similarly simplistic, leaving out details that could serve to furtherthe story. Nevertheless, No Longer at Ease is a remarakble parable ofmodern Africa. No Longer at Ease Essay -- Chinua Achebe No Longer at Ease EssaysNo Longer at EaseThe story explores the conflicts in Obi Okonkwos life. He is a youngman from Eastern Nigeria who has to develop his career in the midst ofall his problems. He is pressurised by the men of his tribe, theUmuofia Progressive Union, not to forget his traditions and to redeem hisdues to they helped him to be educated.He is al so faced with the conflict of adhering to the Christianprinciple his father Isaac Okonkwo, a staunch Christian, raised himwith and the seduction of the so-called evil Hesperian influences onthe younger Nigeria generation.Moreover he falls in love with a woman, Clara, who is considered bytribe to be from a cursed family. His parents dont approve of his exponentiation to her and he has to choose between his love for her orpleasing his family and tribe.Loved itNo Longer at Ease is beautifully written book slightly colonialism andthe alienating influence it has on those Africans who lose touch withtheir roots as they try to adapt to the changing times. I enjoyed thisrich, challenging and fascinating story. The Usurper and differentStories, The Village of waiting, Disciples of Fortune, Anthills of theSavannah, Triple Agent Double Cross are some of the other Africantitles I enjoyed.---------------------------------------------------------------------1 star1 star1 star1 star1 star A Sen sitive, Complex tonicThe title of Chinua Achebes No Longer at Ease suggests thepossibility of a time when there was ease. The struggles of theprotagonist, Obi Okonkwo, a twenty-six year old Umuofian educated inthe British Colonial system and at the university in Great Britain,are analogous to the struggles facing Nigerian society during theperiod at the end of ... ...ose and becomesone of many bribe-taking officials that he formerly despised, leadingto a tragic end.In many ways, No Longer at Ease reflects upon the problems facing a good dealof Africa today, corruption and tradition conflicting with progress.The western world may condemn their rampant corruption as Obi firstdid but it is at the do-nothing of a spiral of other problems.Chinua Achebe continues to use his characteristically simple styleevident in Things Fall Apart for No Longer at Ease. He combinesphrases in native languages and uses folk tales to illustrateexamples. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the language does not serveto keep the readers interest completely. At times it feels choppy andalmost in like manner simplistic, leaving out details that could serve to furtherthe story. Nevertheless, No Longer at Ease is a remarakble parable ofmodern Africa.

Effects of Corn Monoculture on Soils: Models for Change in American Agr

Effects of Corn Monoculture on Soils Models for Change in American Agriculture According to writer and environmentalist Vandana Shiva, the crucial characteristic of monocultures is that they do not merely displace alternatives, they destroy their own basis(1993, p.50). If the self-destruction of a monoculture is really so simple, it seems that consecutive cropping agriculture should long have been abandoned for a more suitable method. Unfortunately, the problem is far more complex. This paper will focus on the effect of corn monoculture on soils in general, the development of the monoculture in the United States and the effects this had on soil in this country. Through the exploration of other models, suggestions will therefore be made on how to modify the continuous cropping system in the United States into a more sustainable one. The first piece of evidence that the unceasing cropping system is inefficient, is that it is the least productive growing system. In experiments done in Wooster, Ohio, it was found that a field where crop rotation was used could produce 27.62 bushels of corn per acre, a field with continual cropping produced only 13.33 bushels per acre, and where chemical fertilizer was used on a continuous cropped field, 30.53 bushels per acre were produced (Weir, 1936,p. 502). Though it interesting that these facts are fundamental enough to have been discovered before 1936, it should also be noted that a recent eight year study done at the University of Nebraska, where scientists compared thirteen cropping systems, the results substantiate the findings of studies done in the first half of the century(Committee on the Role of Alt. Farm. Methods, 1989, p.229). If continual cropping is the least effective method o... ...ouncil, 1989, Alternative Agriculture Washington, D.C., National honorary society Press.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1980, China Multiple Cropping and Related Crop Production Technology, report on th e fao/undp study tour or the Peoples body politic of China, 25 June- 22 July 1979 Rome, United Nations Publishing.Hudson, John C., 1994, Making the Corn Belt A Geographical History of Middle-western Agriculture Bloomington, Indiana University Press.Miracle, Marvin P., 1966, Maize in tropic Africa Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.Shiva, Vandana, 1993, Monocultures of the Mind Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology London, Zed Books Limited.Weir, Wilbert W., 1936, Soil Science Its Principles and Practice Including Basic Processes for Managing Soils and Improving their Fertility Chicago, J.B. Lippencott Company.

The Pit And The Pendulum: Movie Vs. Book Essay -- essays research pape

The Pit and the Pendulum Movie vs. BookThe movie "The pit and the Pendulum" was null at all like the book. Themovie started out as a man walked along the ocean to enter a huge castle. Hissister had travel there when she married Dom Madena, but now she was dead. Thecastle was used to torture Catholics during the Inquisition. Dom Madenabelieves that the castle has an atmosphere of torture thick with death, and thatled to the death of his sister. The doctor say she died of fright. Theyburied her in a tomb below the castle.As child Dom Madena saw his father torture and kill his fathers brotherand his own wife. He impeach them of adultery. His father didnt torture hismother to death, he buried her alive. Dom Madena thought that he buried hiswife alive. Then one night someone was playing the harpsichord just like hiswife did. Another time a servant heard his wife whispering to her. Then onenight someone trashed her room.     Dom Madena, also called Nicholas , heard his wife calling him. He wentthrough a secret passageway until he entered the room of all the torturingdevices. He goes to his wife grave, which they take up to prove she was dead,and she popped out of her grave. She chased him through the dungeon until theymet with the doctor. Then Nicholas fainted, and his wife, who never really died,told him that it was all scheme. She and the doctor were having an affair. Hechased the doctor and he fell into a pit and died...

The Pit And The Pendulum: Movie Vs. Book Essay -- essays research pape

The Pit and the Pendulum Movie vs. BookThe movie "The pit and the Pendulum" was nothing at all like the book. Themovie started out as a man walked along the ocean to enter a huge castle. Hissister had moved there when she married Dom Madena, but now she was dead. Thecastle was apply to torture Catholics during the Inquisition. Dom Madenabelieves that the castle has an atmosphere of torture thick with death, and thatled to the death of his sister. The doctor said she died of fright. Theyburied her in a tomb below the castle.As child Dom Madena saw his father torture and kill his fathers brotherand his own wife. He accused them of adultery. His father didnt torture hismother to death, he buried her alive. Dom Madena estimation that he buried hiswife alive. Then one night someone was playing the harpsichord just like hiswife did. Another time a servant heard his wife whispering to her. Then onenight someone trashed her room.     Dom Madena, also called Nic holas, heard his wife calling him. He wentthrough a secret passageway until he entered the room of all the torturingdevices. He goes to his wife grave, which they dug up to prove she was dead,and she popped out of her grave. She chased him through the donjon until theymet with the doctor. Then Nicholas fainted, and his wife, who never really died,told him that it was all scheme. She and the doctor were having an affair. Hechased the doctor and he fell into a pit and died...

Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging

twelfth part Night Interpretations through the Directors Staging Antonio I could not stay behind you my require, More sharp than filed steel, did spur me by And not all love to see you, metregh so much As might have drawn angiotensin-converting enzyme to a longer voyage, But jealousy what might befall your travel, Being s eat upess in these parts which to a stranger, Unguided and unfriended, often prove Rough and unhospitable my willing love, The rather by these arguments of fear, Set forth in your pursuit. (Twelfth Night, 3. 3. 6-16)For hundreds of years people from all over the world have seen the whole works of William Shakespeare performed by thousands of impostors. Twelfth Night or What you Will is but one of the many comedies written by William Shakespeare that have been produced in many formats, from theater, television and even several feature movie houses. So many distinct returns of the same works have opened the door to music directors adding their own twist to the original script to make it their own. One head for the hills raise be performed countless divers(prenominal) ways, from in truth conservative or to unconventional depending on the directors interpretation and intentions.So all writings are open for creative interpretation thus macrocosm for this paper I am going to focus on the directorial staging of this play and how the staging and direction brought the focus of the subplot of Antonio and Sebastian into a homoerotic relationship strange to otherwise renditions of Twelfth Night that were homosocial. Directors have creatively reconstructed these plays pulling from the era, the popular ideology of the community and political correctness at the times the different styles and interpretations so that Shakespeare can be adapted to the current times.My most recent exposure to the Shakespeare is Twelfth Night as it was performed in Ashland, Oregon, during the 2010 Shakespeare Festival, order by Darko Tresnjak. The human body an d style of the set design and costumed was reminiscent of the movie Mozart in the play bill the director did mention that this movie did give him some ingestion for these choices. The white costumes of the Dukes court. The season was summery with no hint of the holidays, no Christmas ornamentation. The pretenders who played Sebastian and Antonio with the direction from the director acted out the relationship surrounded by them as overly human, as if they were lovers.Antonio was far more feminine and flamboyant (similar to the role played by Johnny Depp in the movie Pirates of the Carrabin) and Sebastian was more masculine. I think the director use this opportunity to emphasize this aspect of our modern American homosexual subculture. I think the director wanted to reflect upon homosexuality in America currently instead of the over emphasized the traditional comedic element of cross dressing and mischievous misrepresentation of the sexes that has been a popular and humorous way to perform Shakespeares plays.True this play has homoerotic elements in it that hundreds of years ago were considered humor, cross dressing, falling in love with a perception of what is not what you perceive. This was recreated in several comedies during this time. At the time this was written for popular entertainment to be funny and absurd. A romantic comedy where someone falls in love with an illusion and is do to look foolish is an underlying theme in many comedies of the time.The director in the Ashland example defiantly imposes the ideology of modern homosexuality into this version of Twelfth Night. This becomes evident in Act 2, Scene 1 (2. 1. 1-52) ANTONIO If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. SEBASTIAN If you will not undo what you have done, that is, eat up him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the to the lowest degree(prenominal) occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsinos court farewell.Exit. Because the director in the Ashland production had the actor playing Antonio over emphasize his lines in this part of the scene and seam to beg Sebastian as a lover. I would like to introduce two other performances of Twelfth Night that I have selected for this paper, on top of the feel performance in Ashland, two other performances of Twelfth Night to exhibit the different ways directors can creatively interpret Shakespeare through the staging and direction to intertwine modern ideas and ideology through their direction, making it relevant for today.I am victimisation a BBC television performance and an American film and I have decided to focus on the characters of Sebastian and Antonio in all three performances to compare the directors style and depiction of this relationship, of these two, and to see the effect on the whole production. Second I want to introduce an example from the American produced feature film of Twelfth Night or What you Will (Nunn) from Fine Line Features Presents a Renaissance Film, tell by Trevor Nunn run time 134min.The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio, under the directors guidance, created a relationship between these two men that suggested a fatherly bond as if Antonio, who saved Sebastian from the ocean, became a surrogate father to this young man Sebastian, who has upset his sister and father. Of all the versions this finical depiction made the most sense and really brought the words to life between these two. Antonio in Act 5, reaction became so believable first the betrayal and confusion with Cesario (Viola) response of not knowing him and then later when Sebastian enters onto the stage, Antonios comments on both of them.Act 5 (5. 257-277) ANTONIO Sebastian are you? SEBASTIAN Fearst thou that, Antonio? ANTONIO How have you made division of yourself? An apple, cleft in two, is not more twin than these two creatures. W hich is Sebastian? I found the performance of the actor who played Antonio as a genuine caring father type to be accurate and in this moment the film captures the disbelief of a man who is seeing a mirror image of his own child. This is what made the words of Shakespeare come alive and gave a hint of truth to this unbelievable tale.This is why I hope that this particular twist is more believable and follows more closely to what the original production would have suggested. The third performance I am introducing is the British production by a Renaissance Theatre Production of Twelfth Night or What you Will A&E, Thames Television in association with the BBC television production directed by Kenneth Branagh run time 165min. the setting of this production was late 1800s in depth of winter with snow and wind and barren trees, almost on the brink of spring.The director kept in pace with the title of the play by having a Christmas tree, and other holiday novelties. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio in this production, were staged and directed in the relationship between them as sportsmen, as if they had become best sportsman like friends Good Chaps in the intonations the director has obviously instructed the actors to play blast the dialogue that leave a hint of homosocial relationship. This is evident in the way that the end of ACT 2 (2. 1. -52) SEBASTIAN If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsinos court farewell. Exit (this was spoken up demolish and as if he was going to a sporting event. ) ANTONIO The gentleness of all the gods goes with thee I have many enemies in Orsinos court else would I very shortly see thee there. This was spoken with a challenge and boisterous. ) But, come what may, I do adore t hee so, (this phrase was almost whispered as if it was a second thought. ) That riskiness shall seem sport, and I will go. Exit (the last statement before his exit was stated as if he was embarking on an adventure. ) the way that this was performed by the actor who played Antonio played up the masculine and down played the tenderness. This being a British production the topic of homosexuality has been downplayed and not openly addressed, because it is untoward etiquette.The idea of still being a man in the public and not projecting your personal preferences is a very real behavior, where as in America it would be acceptable to be Out of the closet. In Europe mens sexual preference is not something of polite communion and is not labeled as it is in America because in England the perception of man doesnt lose their manly hood by having male relations. So this being a British Television production the director would have never broached the subject of homosexuality.In America we have grown accustomed to labeling relationships and categorizing everything where in Europe they have grown beyond that and do not need to push labels I believe this was touched on in Manliness in advance Individualism Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeares History Plays Rebecca Ann Bach points out that all of which depict England in disorder, are profoundly interested in how manliness is constructed and maintained. Because gender roles and the social order were deeply intertwined in Renaissance England, masculinity surfaces constantly as a point of tension. (Bach) and she goes on to discuss Today we live in a world in which men and women are, by definition, separate kinds of people our culture expends enormous energy from the birth of a child creating and maintaining the distinctions between men and women showing the separation of the perception of the rolls of men and women in the very different eras. This seems to be what draws so many to Shakespeare is that he int erweaves this idea of separation into a comical theme and makes light of this need to separate and label. This may be why today in England the separation seems to be less than in America.From the present I have discovered I surmise that in the time of Shakespeare, the rolls of men and woman were quite different, and to have a young man play the role of a woman was common place due to no female actors, as they do today. To reverse the reversal is somewhat funny for the time, it can also be ironic, or homoerotic. The debate will continue through my time and for eons as to what was really intended by the words of Shakespeare. I do believe though that is the directors who project modern ideologies into the plays, not the writer.I believe it is the directors drive to personalize and to modernize the work and bring it up to date. The desire to connect the past on a deeper intimate level that makes this director inject such modern ideas into these classics. Humans have a deep sit down ne ed to connect with the past and to interpret the past on a personal level and to be able to see ourselves in the past. I believe that the modernization of Plays actually pull us farther away from the past. So even though I may have thought that the staging of Antonio and Sebastian were homosexual and I thought it took away from the whole of the play.The director injected his views of this performance of Twelfth Night to reflect on todays society and to touch the interview of today, not of yesterday. Directors have always brought the past to life and this is another example of the modern interpretation of Shakespeare. I have to wonder though, what would William think about this production? Work Cited Page 1. Bach, Rebecca Ann. Manliness Before Individualism Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeares History Plays. Online October 14, 2010. http//www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode? id=g9781405136068_chunk_g978

The theory of employee relations Essay

Employment relationsIntroduction Conventionally, employees argon deemed to precipitate for various reasons. From scholarly works, a strike is defined as suspension in payoff as the workers and their employers engage in the attain commensurate way of dividing the trim that has been achieved within their relationship. (Metcalf and David, 1993) From modern perspective, strikes involves at least one of the list parties having some private information that they do not want the other party to get hold of ab show up this suspected surplus. In empirical perception, strikes ar generally considered to be r be. From the findings of economists they nonplus concluded that strike good examples are usually rampant du elude the business cycle peak, and strikes duration is considered to be limited when the economy is strong. adopt activities are evidently influenced by legislative environment, particularly that legislation that restricts use of replacement of workers (Blyton and Turnbull , 2004). An employees labor value is greater compared to the wage provided by the employer, that is afterward considering the relationship of commerce. This in return provides an opportunity for rise of surplus that is to be divided among the employee and the employer. Thus, a strike is considered as the act of suspending production as the devil sides gets into an argument on how to divide this surplus amicably. The guardian, yes striking is a human right, this command is given by the international treaties voluntarily accept by British successive governments this same treaties are being bound by the United Kingdom (The Guardian, 2011). According to the guardian, British government has been directed by the international participation on human rights to relax the al coiffure existing restrictions and cease treating lawful strikes as a breach rather than suspension of employment contract to the employees. If the British law intersect with the international obligations, then i t would not be easy for the bully employers to unilaterally suspensions of the striking employees (The Guardian, 2011). Mills and Quinn (1982) In an ideal competitive situation, employment surplus is not real individual employers compete with other employers, who are concerned with biding salary and wages to the point when it matches employee laborer value, also the individual workers go out too compete with other fellow workers who tend to bid their remunerations until they meet the one that has been scheduled by the various(prenominal) employers. From this assumption an employee who tends to strike they are at a time replaced by other equivalent works who meet the demands of the potential employer (Brenner, Aaron, Benjamin and Ness, 2009). The worker who is willing to take this bid takes the day. This situation also happens to the employers, also employers who listen to reduce the workers salary and wage they will receive a set substantiate as the potential workers will m ove to the employer who is ready and willing to provide that remuneration that the worker is willing to work for. Through this, the workers are thus able to replace their former employers with other favorable employers enceinte out competitive prices (Zeidler and F crying(a), 1968). Lambert and Bartlett (2005) Evidently, it is genuine that strikes will happen if and solo if there is an extra income from production that both the employer and the worker see that it is outlay fighting for, hence strike will never occur in a noncompetitive market of labor. Despite the strikes being human rights, they also inquire to be viewed with a credible mind. Through a sound mind one is able to make a viable decision that will figure out the whole mess amicably. This will need personnel who will explain the likelihood of a strike occurring and then recommending means of settlement, thus there could not be either wastes brought about by strikes (Hicks paradox of 1932). Critically building o n Hicks paradox, we are enabled to suggest that the devil parties are fighting for some life-or-death information that each want to keep peculiarly the employer. Apparently the associated wastage realized through strikes is considered a cost of trying to obtain this information especially on the part of the employee as they initially lack this beta information that they know will relieve them the bondage of underpayment (Rosenbloom and Joshua, 1996). To hurl a clear brain of these analogies it is important to get a glimpse of what the workers strike theories hold for better explanation. There are various theories that will help to give a reason as to why really workers in the essential services need to go on strike for their grievance to be hard, by either group understanding or through their respective Unions. Unions go on strike when they are sure that the employer is to meet their demands without undergoing any financial crisis. These theories are of the essence(p) as th ey are the ones that give these marrows a bargain ground as illustrated below (Barrett and Boyd, 1914).Institutionalization possible action This particular theory is attributed two gentlemen Hartman and Ross according to Bean perspective (Bean, 1994) the theory asserts institutional mechanisms of negotiating, such as common bargaining protocols helps to reduce the supposed conflicts that are bound to occur due to the strike. Olafsson (1982), perspective about the theory, suggest that for mellowedly positive industrial systems relations are comm solitary(prenominal) associated with reduced conflict directs. Some countries that believe in this theory behave been associated with reduced strike conflict level these countries include Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are some of the singled out as the unique examples the countries that have developed industrial peace model, associated by centralized movement of labor, they also have comprehensive means of negotiations, and lastly th ey have the legal regulations that are effective in controlling strike activities and disputes procedures. Hale (2008) from the study of conducted by Harmatan and Ross determined the factors that influenced strike activities in countries of study. The study found that the countries that have stable labor unified movements that are recognized and willingly accepted and with intensively developed common bargaining protocols are the ones that experience industrial peace. Hartman and Ross concluded centralized bargaining systems minimize levels of industrial conflicts in the field of essential services delivery. This is due to the claim of the two that employers and workers organization are at a point to put real behavioral limits within their respective members.Implicit or Relational contract theory Implicit or relational theory, asserts that there exist a contract between workers and employer Unions, the theory is based in an infinitely revenant practice with imperfect monitoring . Kelly (2002) has it that, conflict is unavoidable terminations of informational asymmetries. The various resolutions of conflicts, strikes slow down, dismissal, low morel, and resignations are not essentials by themselves ingredients of this theory. For instance the strikes will seem to have a zero impact generally under particular configurations, as the conflict is present, but assumes another form. Blyton and Turnbull (2004) indicates that the high efforts and the high pay initiatives agreements between unions and the respective employer is possible to be supported Public Perfect Nash equilibrium of a recurring causa. If these particular players are deemed to be patient enough, just at the cost with haphazard reversions for inefficient series of actions, through which strikes and inflexible wages, or outsourcing and slowdown is bound to take place. This theory suggest that at equilibrium, the respective unions goes on strike apparently when the provided wage has been consi dered to be too low and the exact state nature reality, considered information by the employer to be private and has never been revealed to the workers union. Hence, this behavior is turned to be rational in a recurring interaction framework this eventually causes necessary cooperation in the good times.Principal Agency theory Johnson and Ashenfelter model suggests that strikes happens only when the salary expectations of the file and the rank do not meet at a common ground with what the prospective employer is ready to pay their staff. In case the union directors present a low salary contract for reviewing. In the situations when the file and the ranks wage expectation are high, then the rank and the file are regarded with an attempt to selling out to that responsible management. When the higher up mention statement happens, instead of risk dissension the workers union leaders would like to strike internally (Blyton and Paul, 2004). The major aim of an internal strike is to c onvince the employees be massiveing to the union that the wage they are expecting is not possible. According to Hale (2008) the grassroots function of a strike is to square up the memberships wage expectations with what the firm is willing and ready to pay the workers the implication the theory is that the unions salary demand should come down during a strike time. From another perspective this theory receives some critics on the ground that the wage require are merely based on factor of conjecture, instead of being derived from the bargaining process (Metcalf and David, 1993).The theory of private information As it has been outlined from the above discussion, the employer usually holds some crucial information that normally interests the worker about their working conditions, especially the payment part. This theory thus states that strikes are illustrated well by this private information in regard to the critical aspect important in reaching an agreement, for instance the firm s willingness for payment (Metcalf and David, 1993). Why do the workers have to strike? According to the theory of private information, workers only go on strike because this is the only credible means through which they are able to communicate the so called private information. The theory also claims that a company with great willingness to compensate their workers does it with high salary without the employees going to a strike. However, this is also true that the company with low interest of settling the worker, they end up paying the workers low wages because they are ready receive the strike and its impacts. The theory is crucial in the application in strikes when is considered to be bilateral monopoly setting, through this the employees union and the firm bargain with information that is asymmetrical, or when the informational conflict is between leaders union, file, and the rank. conformation this theoretical information is worth noting that private information is never ve rified at low cost among other theories. Employees do not strike only for economic reasons they can also strike in demand of working conditions improvement, or with aim of mutual aid, and protection of the workers in another union. This statement work out a factor called job satisfaction within the employees which can be defined as that emotional condition that come as a result of appraisal of an employees job. The statement suggest workers develops negative of positive attitudes towards their work or specific sections of the job mainly through, an internal state of mind of respective individuals, generally it is that consideration of our belief, behaviors, and our feelings. When job satisfaction is positive, this can result from favorable working terms workers are considered to be active. Workers activeness is determined from the output of production, move workers produces quality services because they are able to employ fully their potentials. Unmotivated workers results in u nder production as they are not willing to utilize their potentials for the benefit of the employer.The outcomes of strikes in the essential services sector Despite of strike being a human right through which they can air their grievance, strikes are associated with adverse effects that come aftermath the strike has taken place. The results can either be positive, that is the demands of the workers are met and sometimes the results will be negative not favoring the claims of the striking workers. So the striking workers are always prepared for any of these twoutcomes in their efforts to manages and influence the consideration of their needs being addressed with human arouse from their employers through the union or at times through the individual employees alone. Considering the 1919 the General Winning strike according to the Canadianonline.com, it resulted to adverse effects. Among them, the metal workers were compelled to go back to work without a dime increase in their pay that they were demanding, this sounds like they just wasted their time. The employees had to be sent to jail, the foreign workers were deported, and hundreds of others had to be demoted. Seven ring leaders of the strike received a two years conviction for conspiracy of trying to overthrow the government. Apart from these negative results still some intimacy good came out of it. Eleven of the labor candidates who won the seats out of these four of them were the strike leaders. The General Winning Strike made strike in Canada to receive a collective ground for bargaining after almost 20 years. This suggests that within these 20 years the working condition in Canada was compared to hell since both the unions and the workers had no power to bargain for their wage increase even when there was a surplus with the scope of production. Though this the economy of Winnipeg greatly went down for a long time. This also resulted in a social stratification that is the north was classified as the working class and the south as the Troy state other area of essential service sector let us consider the teaching sector. Brison, David and Smith (2006) form the reports that evaluated the impacts of the Ontario teachers strike of 1975 to early 1976. Studies were in the respective schools lagged backside because they started just after the end of the strike and also there was lack of cooperation from the teachers. Though the study conducted found no effect that was no effect on the change of student grades. The other study in the same subject also came out with different suggestions, concerning students attitudes towards their teachers. Surprisingly the strike did not affect the attitude towards their respective teachers. From the third study that was concerned with the school attendance resulted into a null hypothesis. The rate of learners dropout was evident from the results that were obtained especially from grade 9 to grade 13. The study concluded that a strike has an imp act on student dropout and also on movement to postsecondary education. Ahmed and Syed (1989) Cumulative the strikes are regarded to have negative outcomes on the academic performance of the students especially in the senior grades, particularly in learning such subjects like science and mathematics where learning involves summation of knowledge. Even though the strikes did not have any focus on teachers effects from external sources it is realized that after the strike event the teachers became less idealistic in regarding teaching profession as a calling but rather a job just like any other (Matheson and superordinate,2006).Recommendations and conclusion From the above reviews, there is a revelation that there is a strong relationship between strikes actions and job satisfaction. In the countries that have high job satisfaction, strike incidences are limited or never exist and the reverse is true for other countries. The studies show that low industrial conflict levels are asso ciated with greatly developed industrial relation systems. Among the recognized countries experiencing the benefit of industrial peace are Finland, Sweden, and Norway since that have unified and stable labor movements, in increase to these they also have a collective platform of bargaining that are accepted by the employers. This hence recommends that each country must try to have greatly developed systems in the industrial relations, also should have a well designed collective bargaining policies which has to be recognized and then accepted by the works across the labor sector and also the government and the employers must accept these terms. There is a need then for the country to have constant to review conditions of the worker to match the current economic situation with this review the workers and the employers will not engage in a fight for the surplus production. The authorities also have a moral responsibility of ensuring that there are annual forums that joins the empl oyer and the workers with their respective ministries to discuss the current issues affecting the various parties with the expect of addressing this issues at the preliminary before cropping up to create unwanted strikes. Timely strikes aversions are crucial, since it helps to reduce the possible social, political, and economic results of the strike. This calls upon the government responsible ministries to be mindful of the challenges that the workers can face. Unions should act strongly to fight the policy of temporal workers replacement. Replacing workers reduce the strength of having a common bargaining for their demands. Once the employer has replaced the striking employee, production process goes on as usual hence thinking about the servicing worker who is on strike will be a thing that has been put aside for a while.ReferencesBlyton, Paull, and Peter Turnbull. The dynamics of employee relations. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke,Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.Blyt on, Paul. The theory of employee relations. na na, 2004. Print.Brenner, Aaron, Benjamin Day, and Immanuel Ness. The encyclopedia of strikes in American history. Armonk, N.Y. M.E. Sharpe, 2009. Print.Guardians veto bank visiting cardbut not over president.(Economy Money and its impact). Iran Times International 7 Jan. 2011, ed, sec. Print.Hale, Dominic. International comparisons of labour disputes in 2006. Economic &38 Labour Market check up on 2.4 (2008) 32-39. Print.Kelly, John E.. Rethinking industrial relations mobilization, collectivism and long waves. Taylor & Francis e-Library ed. London Routledge, 2002. Print.Metcalf, David, and Jonathan Wadsworth. Do strikes pay? 1992. Print.Metcalf, David H.. New perspectives on industrial disputes. London Routledge, 1993. Print.Mills, Daniel Quinn. Labor-management relations. 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill, 1982. Print.Zeidler, stark(a) P.. Rethinking the philosophy of employee relations in the public service. Chicago Public Personnel Ass ociation, 1968. Print.Ahmed, Syed M.. The effects of the joint cost of strikes on strikes in Canadian manufacturing industries a streak of the RederNeumannKennan theory. Applied Economics 21.10 (1989) 1353-1367. Print.Barrett, E. Boyd. Effects of strikes. Dublin Office of the Irish Messenger, 1914. Print.Brison, David W., and Anthony H. Smith. The effects of Ontario teachers strikes on students summary and integration of three component studies. Toronto Ontario Ministry of Education, 1978. Print.Matheson, Victor A.. The Effects Of Labour Strikes On Consumer Demand In Professional Sports Revisited. Applied Economics 38.10 (2006) 1173-1179. Print.Winnipeg General Strike 1919. About.com Canada Online. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. .Collections of the United Farm Workers of America. Woodbridge, CT first Source Media, 2009. Print.Hain, Peter. Political strikes the state and trade unionism in Britain. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England Viking, 1986. Print.Lambert, Josiah Bartlett. If the workers to ok a notion the right to strike and American political development. Ithaca, N.Y. ILR Press, 2005. Print.Report of proceedings at the fourth ordinary Congress of the International Federation of Trade Unions Held at the Grand Palais, Paris, from August 1st to 6th 1927 together with reports of the Conferences of the International Trade Secretariats, and t. capital of The Netherlands International Federation of Trade Unions, 1927. Print.Rosenbloom, Joshua L.. Strikebreaking and the Labor Market in the United States, 1881-1874. Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996. Print.Source document

Hydrostatic Lab Report

ABSTRACT On the past two weeks, I have done an experiment on hydrostatics, or is as well as known as peregrine statics (mentally ill at rest) within the fluid mechanics field of study. This condition explains that in a stable condition, the fluid is at rest. The pulmonary tuberculosis of fluid in doing work is known as hydraulics, and the science of fluid in motion is known as fluid dynamics. INTRODUCTION The natural nature of fluids are they cannot remain stationary under the application of shear stress. However, fluid can apply force normal to any advance cont playacting it.If the fluid is considered as a solid object such as a cylinder, the stuff acting on a surface is the said(prenominal) as the military press on the opposite side of the object, but in a different direction. This condition can be applied to any surface on the imaginary fluid shape. This thus defines that the pressure on a fluid is isotropic, meaning that the force/pressure in any direction applied on the liquid is the comparable in all directions. Hydrostatic Pressure Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the gravitational pull. The fluid is known as hydrostatic fluid.The pressure can be calculated from the control volume analysis of a smooth cube of fluid. It is known that pressure is force applied per unit area P = F/A, and the onlyforce acting on any such small cube of fluid is the weight of tug above it, we can calculate the hydrostatic pressure by The sumary of the theory is the force on any flat surface is the average pressure acting on the submerged surface multiplied by the area of the submerged surface. F = ? gXA Where ? = piss density g = acceleration due to gravity X = vertical distance from free surface to centroid of AWe know that the magnitude of the distributes force F, which may be considered as a small series of small forces spread over the submerged surface. The sum of the moments of all these small forces about any point must be equivalent to the moment about the same point of the resultant force Fr acting through the point of application, also known as the center of pressure. Taking the moments about O world power on strip ? F=x? g ? A Moment of force an strip ? M=x2? g ? A But we know that tell of x2 ? A = 2nd moment of area (I? ) Therefore total moment = ? gI?Therefore Frz = ? gI? and since Fr = F = ? g A X z= ? gI gAX= I? AX= 2nd moment of area about oo1st moment of area about oo z= I? AX from parallel axis vertebra theorem I? =Igg+ AX2 Therefore, substituting z= Igg+ AX2AX z= IggAX+ X Xc=z+q For a partially submerged plate, the same equations apply barely that the area of the plate varies. (A = br) Since Igg = br312 And substituting A = br and X = r2 in the equation for z z= 23r It can be clearly seen that the core of pressure is always two-third down the section of the submerged part of the plate. Xc= 23r+q Procedure The quadrant is placed on the two dowel pins and the clamping screw is level(p) to the correspondence arm using the clamping screw. L, a, depth d, and width b, of the quadrant end face are measured. 2- With the Perspex tank on the workbench, the balance arm is balanced on the knife edges (pivot). The balance pan is hung from the end of the balance arm. 3- A length of hose is connected from the drain cock to the sump and a length from the bench feed to the triangular aperture on the top of Perspex tank 4- The tank is then levelled using the adjustable feet and spirit level.The counter balance weight is moved until the balance arm is horizontal. 5- The drain cock is closed and water is admitted until the level reaches the bottom edge of the quadrant. A weight is placed on the balance pan, and water is late added into the tank until the balance arm is horizontal. The water level on the quadrant and the weight on the balance pan is recorded. 6- Fine adjustment of the water level can be achieved by overfilling and then slowly draining using the stop cock. 7- The above are repeated for each increment of weight until the water level reached the top of the quadrant end face.Then each increment of weight is removed, noting the weights and water levels until the weights have been removed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION a= 0. 099m b= 0. 075 m d= 0. 100m l= 0. 274 m ?= 1000 kg/m Weight of load, m(kg ms-2) Filling tank height of water(m) Draining tank height of water (m) Average height of water,y (m) Wetted surface area, yb (m ) Hydrostatic pressure, m/yb (Pa) 0. 3924 0. 040 0. 041 0. 041 0. 003075 127. 6098 0. 5886 0. 050 0. 050 0. 050 0. 003750 156. 9600 0. 7848 0. 058 0. 058 0. 058 0. 004350 180. 4138 0. 9810 0. 065 0. 065 0. 065 0. 004875 201. 308 1. 1772 0. 072 0. 073 0. 073 0. 005475 215. 0137 1. 3734 0. 078 0. 077 0. 078 0. 005850 234. 7692 1. 5696 0. 084 0. 083 0. 084 0. 006300 249. 1429 1. 7658 0. 089 0. 088 0. 088 0. 006600 267. 5455 1. 9620 0. 094 0. 094 0. 094 0. 007050 278. 2979 Graph of my2 against y Where the slope is -? b2L and the intercept should be ? b2L(a+d) Therefore ?b2L = -93. 9097 ?b2L(a+d) = 101. 7810 CONCLUSION REFERENCE 1- www. wikipedia. org on hydrostatic pressure 2- www. scribd. com on hydrostatic pressure lab report 3- Experiment manual 4- Lab demonstrators explanation

Chance vs. Fate Essay

Do you ever tried to prize, what if determine and dower face a fight? Who do you stand for would be the winner? And who do you think would be the looser? If one tribe began to fight his chance and his fate,. Who do you think would make him feel happier? Is it the chance who gave him chance, or is it fate that decide his life. Maybe most of you think that chance would be the obvious winner, for more people is promptly cherished to take a chance than fate. But how ever what if I told you that fate is stronger than chance? What if I tell you that if you enquire to choose a choice between chance and fate,. I moldiness tell you that fate is the better choice than chance. That fate brook assure you that youll never regret for choosing it than chance. For fate must knew the Rightful one than chance. How? Because I had a very interesting story about chance and wish. That made me accomplished whats The beat choice for me. And this is just happened to me a month ago earlier Decemb er enter the year.Since birth I eat up a childhood relay station that became part of my life. Each and every day we be together. Those days ar just passing by and our relationship as friends became more deeper and deeper that I came to the point I fall in love with him individual(a)ly. But instead of sexual congress it into him, I decided to not mention my feelings anymore for our friendship has been gone through the old age. And I have ont want to ruin that friendship. But fate never gives a consideration, into me. My parents decided to continue my high school at manila, together with my sister. And when my last day in our province came, I let him knew that I was leaving. That time I treasured to tell him the truth. I have the chance solely I let it go. I never succeeded telling into him that I rattling love him. after that scourt I really hate fate for deciding what for my life. I do really hate it for I was such in a poor condition that time. But two years had passed. No communication for the last two years. And when I spent my semestrial break in our province after two years, I really did see the things change. When I came back home I saw him.And flashback remains into my head. But instead of sunny into him, I pretend not to see anyone. until he said to me that he was fallen in love with me. But as hearing the soft language he had spoken I stopt really imagined that all the old feelings of yesterday is now coming back faster. But of course, I remembered he was my friend. And I equal him too. But what the heck? After around month I rejected him even though I loved him. And that he quits on asking. After most month December came a number texted me and ask who it was. But I was shocked It was my classmate since Im in grade six. If I remembered nothing go right with our relationship as classmate. He was my first crush during my elementary days, I remember how he always make me ring during the time. I remember how he spoke word into me in fron t of everybody else. I remember it all. We never had the time to speak even a humble single word without fighting with each other. Until graduation we never had. And now his here and telling me if he have the chance. Normally, I wont par go into him for the past few years for what he has done.I dont want to forgive him but my tone likes to. And I cant even understand of all this years, why is the feeling of long old love was coming back again? But then time gives me chance to think of. And I really found out what it has to be. That my classmate is my real one true love for that I have realized that On our situation of my best friend, we have the very big chance but fate decide. And give me the real answer. And time gave me realization to know what is meant to be. Name Mariflor B. Villanueva stress no 4 Date December 6 2012 My Ambition I was young when I tell many of my ambition in life. One I must tell, I wanted to be a teacher because, I wanted to wrote on the board and make my student copy what I write. I also told my milliampere that I wanted to become a scientist someday because I wanted to be famous and known as a intimacyable person. Some days, I shouted I wanted to become a business woman it because, I wanted to hold money. I wanted to be a dfountainheading house designer because I wanted to create my own house.I wanted to become a fashion designer it because, I want to make some gowns and wedding dress. So many to mention when I was kid. Too many ambition and many reasons why I wanted to be something like that. Imagine. When I was kid I have many dreams and ambition having some many reasons to tell. I am a dreamer girl when I was kid. But now how, I wonder so many things. I questioned all what I have said during my days of childhood. I dont want to be a teacher because what I heard nowadays is just just take education, you dont have enough knowledge what they mean is that teachers nowadays is just not that famous now. I dont wish to be scienti st for I al expressy know, I cant be a knowledgeable person. I drag never take the path of being a business woman because I dont know maths at all. I will never wish to be a house designer for I am no good at sketching a house. And most. I never imagined myself being a fashion designer for that I dont wanted anymore to take that job for I bank it wasnt my future. I have nothing now. I have nothing now to say what I wanted to be in the near future.I cant just imagined myself of a perfect ambition. All my dreams in my childhood days fade away and if Im a dreamer in my childhood days, now I feel I am now so useless of the community to think what I wanted. I dont feel like I belong to any course I have think. Now I am just a smallish girl without a dream for her future. Until I accidentally broke a glass. I saw the glass shinning when it is in the sun. I imagined it as a adamant sparkling. And the idea came to my mind. How about if, I try to make it a jewellery? kindred necklace? It is thin to have an own sketched necklace right? So I took the disordered glass I search some metals that can be fold, and an old rope of necklace. I took some help with my uncle for chaining the pattern I did. And he well made it very nice. At the end, I was so happy it was my own crafted jewellery. Starting that day, I decided to be a jewellery designer. Not because I am inspired doing some Jewellery, or just I wanted to be famous in everyone, but now I suddenly realized how to have a good ambition and reason.My reason that, I wanted to became a jewellery designer someday not because of anything but I do want to become jewellery designer because, I want someday to see people wearing my designs around their neck, their arms, their finger, and such many else. I wanted to become a merely jewellery designer to see how people love my designs. That was my ambition and my reasons for why I liked to become what I am dreaming now. Name Najeeb A. Imam Essay no 3 Date December 6 2012 To be the Highest When I was young, I said to myself that I wanted to be having the highest position. Highest that No one will reach me as I am. And that I thought that to be the highest I must need to be the hot seat of this country. To rule anyone, to make this country more in(predicate) more than any Other country. But I was wrong knowing out that to be a president youre not consider as a high Person. I realized inside myself. So I change what I wanted.And now, I said to be the highest I need to be a successful doctor. Because doctor saves life. Doctor saves many lives of human. Without a doctor everyone will be regurgitate and in that respect will be more people dying. But realizing to be A doctor is not the path in a way to be the highest. But what I had realize this pass few years that To be one of the highest person, you dont need to be a president, doctor, scientist, engineer or What so ever. Because I realized, to be the highest person, you must have to be a teacher for e veryone. In order To be a successful man, I need to be a teacher. Because teacher is the highest position all this Time. Why teacher? Maybe youre wondering my teacher? Well it because, without a teacher, There will no presidents, no engineer, no scientist, no doctor, and no one. Because to be in one commodious position, you would first need to learn something. To have a knowledge in order to be a Successful man. All o the knowledge of the workers now, is well made by a great teacher. A Great teacher that lead them to the right path. A nice teacher that teach everything in to her/his Student.That is why, I decided to be someday, I wanted to be a teacher. Not just an ordinary teacher but I wanted to be the teacher of everyone. Who will teach, and lead everyone in the right path. I I wanted to be a teacher it because for me teacher is the best. For me no one would ever compare The value of a teacher to the value of other. For teacher, knows the best, teacher lead the way, a teacher wh os gonna lead her/his student in The right path. A teacher that everybody loves. And if someday I will be a successful teacher I promised that I will teach the value of a teacher. Name Najeeb A. Imam Essay no 4 Date December 6 2012 To write If you wanted to write a something, a poem, a paragraph, or an essay, how did you write freely? Do you usually, express youre feeling at what you are writing? Or do you just write too Generally? If you will ask me how I write or how I wrote just like this, I would tell you that just write what You feel, and write like youre just sharing. Dont be so mysophobic if you will rouse a mistake Dont be shy for its everybody face mistake.If you wanted to write nicely that you want to show The world what have write dont be so afraid. Because it is not in grammar, or penmanship, Can test how really good you are in writing or expressing idea. It is not tested by how you wrote Long, or how many incredible word do you know, but definitely it is not tested o n how youve Written a thousand words. To test that you are good in writing, is not based on how you wrote your essay, your poem, your Paragraph. But the real question here is that How many people have been interested to read what you have written? How many of them Appreciate it? How many of them did tell you youre writing is amazing. The question is how Many readers did you gain when you shared youre essay? Are they are few? Or they are just as Many? Because in writing essay, a thousand word is not the point. A beautiful penmanship is not the Requirements here. But it is the one that commonly tested here is by how youre essay your Poem, your paragraph, inspired other? Essay is tested by which you write the importance of your Topic.Essay depend in what is its components and substance. An essay, depends to what larger Meaning you have according to the topic. An essay depends to what it its substance. If it has a good meaning, or it just an essay that have nonsense things. If I am abou t to ask you, What contains your essay? Are you that willing to say that youre essay is nice and meaningful? Or you will just crumpled it because you didnt write at all instead you just earn some thousand boy that has no meaning at all. My dearest reader, of this essay that I wrote, I hope you all get whats my point in here. I hope That you get what I said and what I had taught you. That a real essay dont contain million words Or beautiful penmanship, but a real essay is one of the great things, that no matter how short Your essay is if you have the most meaningful one then dont be shy. For once again, essay is not to earn a million words but essay is for the a better meaning that jeer other to write some. Name Kins Jonas Go Essay no Date December 6 2012 Cellphone As our worlds began to change to be a unexampled one, many have change.So many things that help Us through our occasional living, electricity, transportation, and technology. It is good to think we are Now totally mode rn. That through the years we all now have the change. And one proof of it is the cell phone we use. Dont you think the maker of cell phones is clever? Because in some other way, he/she used to invented a very interesting one. A very useful one to Us. Because without this technology whitethornbe we are having hardships through communication. If there were no phones, can you imagine life? Well I think no right? Because our modern world Now is, full of phones. Everywhere you can see it. And maybe half of our population now is Having a phones now. Can you imagine how important phones are? Can you imagine how they are important to people Now? Students For students like me, it is important because I used to used phones from my Daily living. Because the benefits that it gives me is very helpful to me. Very helpful that you Can call if there is emergency. You can take communication when you miss your mom or your Dad when they are far away.Using cell phones you dont worry that much with com munication. So it is. Indeed phones are useful but in any other way it was unhealthful. Why? It because some User of phones use phones in a harmful one. They used phones for blackmails for someone, they Used phones to bully someone, they used phones to harm someone. The phones are not just safe. Because in any other way, it has a harmful effects that call for Everyone. When the phone made the user addicted so much, some possibilities may occur that a students Who use phones will destroy his path in studies. That was a negative effect to a students. Someytimes or somehow I wanted to warn everyone that one thing has a limitation. It couldnt Be good forever. Like phones. Phones brings harmful and useful effect into us. Name Kins Jonas Go Essay no 4 Date December 6 2012 A journal What is a journal? Did you ever tried to write one? How was the feeling of keeping a diary? Did you use to let everyone read it? Or do you just kept it secretly. A diary is something that a holds to the memo ries you write each and every day.A diary that Holds so many secret beyond loves, llife, and many more. A diary is something that you write Late at night. A diary is something that holds half personality of someone. And I ever tried to read one. I have already read the diary of Anne Marie Frank. A teen ager girl Who is a Jew. Do you know that at the very young age, Anne use to write diary, a diary that Touches the heart of the readers. A diary that inspired other to write one. As I open and read her diary, I thought she only wrote whats happening into her daily Life. But I was wrong finding it. Because what she had written is that the memories, of Daily events of her life. That somehow, in her life, and at the very young age, she did to kept A very interesting diary. That how I wished someday, I could just write a diary that inspire others.And if I ever Gonna start to write a diary, I would definitely write the memories I can keep forever. That I can keep until I grew old. That some day when I wrote one I swear that I can inspire everyone Who reads it. That may will listed me to the famous journalist who had left a diaries. And in order to be one of them, starting today, I will never be afraid to have wrong grammar For that I believe that everybody commits mistake like I do. And isnt it were you commit Mistake there you gain a little castigation? That youll learn. And I suddenly realized too that To kept a diary burdens sometimes the problems you feel deep inside. That when you dont have A friend to be trust you just cant help but to wrote what you have feel deep inside. That how ever you can assure the youre secret is safe right?

Qualitative article critique Essay

INTRODUCTIONThere are a number of factors that contribute to effectively demanding soft investigate. It is non only choosing the right field setting or well-formulated query question that counts, but also the reliability of the evidence and the skills of the inter affecter make tremendous difference to the outcome of a qualitative investigate. soft look into involves the scrutiny of social phenomena.(Gubrium and Holstein 1997, p.11-14). Qualitative investigators look beyond the ordinary and try to understand how participants understand themselves or their world.. Unlike in quantitative inquiry, when conducting a qualitative study, the researcher is considered as the main instrument for data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation (Paisley & Reeves, 2001). The next few p eras impart critically analyse the qualitative research articles of Russell, L. (2005) Its a question of consider balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fie ldword and Kamenou, N. (2008) Reconsidering Work-Life balance debates Challenging Limited Understandings of the Life Component in the Context of Ethnic Minority Womens Experiences(British Journal of Man climb onment, Vol. 19, S99-S109).Look to a greater extentproblem definition essay1. RUSSELL, L. ITS A QUESTION OF TRUST reconciliation THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK.THE AUTHOR IS A YOUNG ETHNOGRAPHER RESEARCHING TEENAGERS (P.193). WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES HER AGE MAKE?In this particular field study, the age of the ethnographer Russell, L. had twain a positive as well as a negative impact on the research. This field research was conducted in a naturalism way, this marrow that the researcher inquires the lives and perspectives of the targeted population as precise as possible in their natural setting (Gubrium and Holstein, 1997). The researcher Lisa Russell was a materialization, novice, female, white, northern English ethnographer investigati ng the slender topic of student resistance (Russell, 2005181). Spradley (1979) refers to ethnography as the play ofdescribing a culture with the aims to understand a nonher way of life from the native point of view.To get more trust and reli fitting data of the studied culture, the more similarities of characteristics between the ethnographer and the researched would be an advantage because this could decrease the differences between them. With this as well, the researcher could prepare herself to adapt to the situation that she would be researching. Lisa Russell has the great advantage of her gender, nationality, use of language, size and age to naturally blend in as a member of the studied radical, because ethnography relies heavily on observations of interactions and interviews with participants in naturally occurring situation.My age helped me engage in and indeed understand discussions (p.194). Making use of her naivety and young age, her own in the flesh(predicate) reserve d liking and her figure of being smallness in height and build (p.195), which is not much difference with the teenagers (Lisa mentioned her age is between 23-24 at time of researched), these personal characteristics of the ethnographer has resulted in interaction and a matter of trust that she has experienced with the students. Lisa Russell adapted the role transaction of moving into to the lowest degree adult role in a different way (p.193).As she recaptures her secondary years were not far behind her current phase of life, Lisa was not frightened with certain things she perceived as she was able to relate to her own schooling familiarity during those secondary years when she describe my novice naivety acted as a benefit when trying to manage impulsive and sometimes shocking behaviour of students (Russell, p.182). Age also contributed to the way students react to the ethnographer along with what he or she is and is not allowed to do (Hammersley and Atkinson, 1983). This character istic has worked in Lisa favor, as the students tangle unthreatened and in that respectfore more open to express themselves. Also because shadowing and observation is more reliable and in effect(p) if a researcher is unnoticeable and does not affect the doings of the focus group.Whereas in this study, Lisas age is at advantage to observe the researched group and expeditiously gather data collection, as a young ethnographer she will face the difficulties of being Lisa being inexperienced, since acrucial characteristic of ethnography is the characteristic of holistic which means interpreting the data as a whole in order to get a basis for explanation round the gathered information. anticipate that this is her first research as an ethnographer carrying out a field study, subjectivity is a limitation of ethnography. The way ethnographers interpret the field study experience will vary a lot. There is not a set list of answers to choose from but rather the use of notes made by the i nvestigator and later on interpreted and categorized by the investigator.The limitation of ethnographic research with reliability is caused by the fact that ethnographic research occurs in natural setting and focuses on processes (Wiersma 1986 and Burns 1994). The accurate replication is very difficult to achieve because an so fart in natural setting cannot be reproduced. While reflecting to Wiersma (1986) and Burns (1994) slightly the difficulties of accurate replication of findings, Lisas age could be a drawback, because she is a novice ethnographer with limited experience and her abilities to process and evaluate her findings and evidence (interviews, field notes and recordings) could be indispensable and a challenging job for a novice.1.2 WHEN IS A RESEARCHER NO LONGER A NOVICE? WOULD HER RESEARCH HAVE BEEN BETTER DONE BY SOMEONE WITH MORE EXPERIENCE?A novice ethnographer is a beginner researcher who just started in the field of ethnography. Like in any another(prenominal) career function, practice is required to become an expert in the field of choice. To make errors and mistakes will contribute to further understanding and deeper knowledge. To my understanding, a researcher is no longer a novice when the ethnographer is able to observe and participate objectively and subjectively in a field research. Additionally the ethnographer should be able to go bad and interpret the gathered data effectively.It is difficult to conclude whether an ethnographer with more experience would give way done the research better. When considering the fact that Lisa took the role as a participant as beholder (Gold, 1958), she had an advantage of her characteristics my quiet, reserved disposition and smallness in height and build defined the way students and teachersrelated to me. I faded into the background. Students would often swallow up my presence sometimes teachers and other students mistook me for a student. (Russell, p.195). This shows that despite that at th e time of research, Lisa was a novice researcher she was able to transform herself into the participant as observer role, which gave her access to more insights and reliable information. The researched group and the ethnographer established a matter of trust and even build intense relationships (Russell, p.196). Hence, Lisa was able to collect observation and romance of the researched group.Being a qualitative researcher, one should note the important linkages between theories and methods, reviews key qualitative methodologies, and highlights challenges and the opportunities (Gephart, 2004). Referring to Gephart (2004), one might argue that the research data military rating would have been analyzed and linked better by an ethnographer with more experience. Though in my opinion, a more experienced ethnographer might not have been able to collect as much insight as Lisa, because the researched group might have behave differently, so if a more experienced researcher would conduct the field work, I suggest it would be best to do it covertly.1.3 IN THIS RESEARCH PAPER WHAT DO YOU LEARN ABOUT A) THE RESEARCH SUBJECTS AND B) THE RESEARCHER?By critically analyzing the research paper, it informs us that the research subjects were studying at three different sites, namely two in Birmingham and one in Sydney. As the research topic was to investigate the complex and sometimes contradictory culture(s) of student resistance to schooling (p. 181), students aged between 14-16 were selected carefully chosen by the schools.What is significant about the researched group is that they were skeptical in the beginning when Lisa arrived it had to be made clear that Lisa would not telltale, nor report their behavior to teachers. Names like the follower and treat suggest that during the initial stages the students did not accept Russell as she shadowed them all around. But gradually shemanaged to gain one of the most vital aspects of the study trust.The researched group proved trust in Lisa because she witnessed inappropriate and illegal activities, much(prenominal) as damage of school property, theft and taking drugs. The fact that students did change their behavior means also that Lisa became invisible to the researched group.What we have learned about the novice researcher is that Lisa used an adaptive approach towards the research and considered how unhomogeneous aspects of her personal disposition affected her entire study. searchers reflections on their actions and observations in the field, their impressions, irritations, knowings and so on, become data in their own right, forming part of the interpretation, (Flick, 20056) The researchers ability to build relationships and word rapport with subjects is crucial. (Thorpe & Holt, 2008151)In her article, Lisa repeatedly puts an emphasis on her age and naivety, this shows that these facets of her personal characteristics contributed her to engage in discussions and activities with the students, which if she was older wouldnt have been able to do. Her proximity to their age made it easier for both herself and the students to be able to relate and confide to each other. At the same time it was challenging for Lisa to establish the same bond with the teachers and she felt exceptionally uncomfortable in staffroom conversations. In my opinion, she put a lot of dedication and time into cognizing the narratives and behaviors of the students and failed to do the same with the teachers. Neverthe slight when she progressed to the third school her heightened assumption and greater experience (Russell, 2005188) made it easier for her to relate to and interact with the teachers.2. KAMENOU, N. (2008) RECONSIDERING WORK-LIFE BALANCE DEBATES . BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, 19 S99-S109.2.1 THE AUTHOR APPEARS TO HAVE HAD DIFFICULTIES RECRUITING INTERVIEWEES (SEE ESPECIALLY P.S102). WHY, FOR EXAMPLE, MIGHT AN ORGANIZATION impound FROM THE STUDY CLAIMING RESTRUCTURING WAS IN PROGRESS? (P.102).Qual itative research interview seeks to cover both a factual and a meaning level, though it is usually more difficult to interview on a meaning level (Kvale 1996, p.32). Work-life balance means that individuals have successfully segmented or integrated life and work so as to achieve a satisfying quality of life, overall satisfaction and less strain or stress around juggling strange role demands. (Blyton et al., 20062). The work-life balance equation (Kamenou, 2008S99) is finding harmony between of a number of aspects ranging from career, obligations, family, pleasure and culture.In this article, the researcher argues about the topic on cultural minority womens experiences of managing their work and personal lives. (Kamenou, 2008S99). Nicolina Kamenou, gathered data via semi structured, in depth interviews primarily with ethnic minority females. Information of ethnic minority men, white women and white men was also collected as comparability.The researcher faced challenging difficulti es in obtaining interviewees only three out of the twenty make-ups that were invited responded positively to the invitation (Kamenou, 2008S102). Ensuing, one of the three organizations disengaged from the research claiming restructuring was in progress. A research by Spencer (1982) suggests that organizations may restrict access to the organization because they perceive it as a risk, which might endanger their reputation. A possible reason of withdrawal of the company is that the research topic is delicate and related to companys policies and perspectives concerning ethnicity, culture, religion and class. By granting insights to these sensitive matters, organizations endanger themselves to harmful publicity to the organizations reputation. A noticeable fact is that the organization that withdrew from the research published and considered themselves attractions in variety (Kamenou, p.102).Hence, this research subject should be of high interest to the organization. Also cooperation to the research could have been positive publicity assuming that the company indeed was a leader in diversity. Hence, disengagement of the organization could be a result of hidden narratives of the company, which are not supposed to be revealed. Forexample, Kamenous article reveals legerdemains opinions (black Caribbean, Application Manager, Heath Trust, age 34) he did not dress in more traditional clothes because he is afraid that his colleagues might be threatened or have issues (Kamenou, p.106).This statement made by John could be interpreted as racism within the company, which consequently could lead to a huge scandal or even a lawsuit. Thorpe & Holt (2008) argue about the importance of informed consent. Participants in a study should be informed about the research objective, participants rights to confidentiality and anonymity and what will happen to the data and what parties will have access to it. I believe that when people or organizations are informed about their rights o f informed consent, the number of participants in a study will increase significantly. The large finance company that withdrew from the research might have participated in the research if they could get anonymity and total secureness that the companies name would not be published.2.2 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATIONS WHERE FORMAL rile HAD BEEN GRANTED AND THE INDEPENDENT GROUP?Kamenou (2008) invited 20 organizations, of which 2 organizations accepted to participate. Additionally she invited independent groups from personal networks so that involvement of subjects from different sectors, qualifications and occupations could enrich the data. Each group would have their own various inputs to the research, and data could be more valid. Personal networking is seen as one of the best ways to get granted access to an organization Carr and Worth (2001). The main obstacle about formal access to an organization is that there might be a matter where companies ask th e employees not to discover certain information about the company or the narratives in the organization. Subsequently there is a high possibility of fear, where the employees do not want to break dance information that could threaten their jobs.However, if the case were that the employee was an acquaintance of the researcher, there would have been confidentiality between the researcher and the interviewee, which would make the interviewee more open and honest during the inquiries. According to Spradley (1979), people who feel comfortable, safe, and valued are more forthcoming thanthose who are only considered as sources of information. There is definitely a difference between the interviewed groups, in particular the data richness and disclosure of information between the people in organization where formal access had been granted and the independent groupidentified through personal networking (Kamenou, 2008, p.s102).Qualitative research interviews partly consist of open-ended que stions, this allows the interviewer to question and inquire further on the answers and likewise, interviewee can share thoughts and experiences. Kamenou (2008, p.s103) argues that the semi structured, in depth temperament of interview conducted with all participants allowed them the time and space to reflect and discuss their experiences in their own words (Harvey, 1990 ODwyer, 2005) and helped to reduce possible biases in the research process.2.3 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE AUTHOR? HOW MIGHT THE IDENTITY OF THE AUTHOR HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE TO THE RESEARCH?In the article the author doesnt describe herself, neither does she mention on how she could have influenced the research. The article is different from Russells ethnography paper, which accentuates strongly on personal observation and self-reflexivity but less on the statistical information. Analyzing her own processes during the fieldwork, Lisa claimed the researcher should employ a reflexive attitude to understand how the inter action between the researcher and the researched, and the researchers autobiography, influence the data collected (Russell, p. 197). The identity and background of the author does have an effect on the research outcome, involving in what is called observers bias. Observers bias is referred to as the aspect to where the researchers know the objectives or the hypotheses and consequently their knowledge affects the observations and gathered data.Based on the understanding of the researcher about the issue, they will absorb the observations and interviews in which they are interested. It is also likely that researchers accidentally adjust what they observe from the participants, and mold it to their own perspectives. Therefore, the potential risk is the possibility of misunderstanding or failure to present the accurate perceptions and opinion of participants about the research subject. A way to decrease observers bias and to overcome the risk ofrevealing misinterpreted data is to use a dditional observation methods such as blind experiments, attach records, and multi-observers. Using these extra tools during the field study could be used as evidence of validity or reused as secondary data for another study. closingAfter critically analyzing both articles of Russel (2005) and Kamenou (2008), I have learned that qualitative research adopts different and various knowledge claims, research strategies, and methods of data collection and analysis. If the research processes are handled carefully it could provide a deeper understanding of the research topics. Qualitative analysis compiles the study of perception, meanings, emotions and behavior, which aim to present original, truthful insights about various humane and cultural phenomena. By studying the papers and participating in the seminars, I gained insight and knowledge about the difficulties and challenges faced when carrying out a field study. The various external and internal influences have a crucial impact on qualitative studies and should not be underestimated.The article by Russel (2005) shows us a research conducted by a novice ethnographer, with emphasize on the uncertainties and challenges of her research. Contrast to Russells article, Kamenous article provides readers with her observations, interviewees view and personal life experience, the various responses and the causes of such behavior. I can conclude that both articles are both very interesting and significant. Despite the fact that there were some errors made during both studies, there is no fixed guideline of how to conduct a successful qualitative study. In a way we will always try to understand the unknown, even though it is obvious that every individual has its own unique behavior and perspectives.BIBLIOGRAPHYBlyton, P., Blundson, B., Reed, K., & Dastmalchian, A. (2006) _Work-Life Integration International Perspectives on the Balancing of Multiple Roles_, 1st ed. New York PALGRAVE MACMILLIANBurns, R.B. (1994). _Introduct ion to Research Methods._ Melbourne Longman Cheshire.Carr, E., Worth, A. (2001) _The use of telephone interviews for research. Nurse research 6_ 511-525.Flick, U., (2005) _An Introduction to Qualitative Research_, 2nd ed. capital of the United Kingdom SAGEGephart, R.P. (2004) _Qualitative research and the_ _Academy of Management Journal_, _Academy of Management Journal_, 47 (4), 454-462.Gold, R. L. (March, 1958) _Roles in sociological vault of heaven Observations, Social Forces_, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p217Gubrium, J.F. & Holstein, J.A. (1997) _The new language of qualitative method_. New York OxfordHammersley, M. and P. Atkinson (1983), Ethnography _Principles in Practice_, London and New. York Routledge, page 2, 72 77.Harvey, L. (1990). _Critical Social Research_. London Unwin Hyman.Jensen, Klaus B & Nicholas.W. Jankowski (1991) _Handbook of Qualitative_ _Methodologies for Mass Communication Research_. London RoutledgeKamenou, N.(2008) _Reconsidering Work-Life Balance Debates._ Briti sh Journal of Management, 19 s99-s109Kvale, S. ,(1996) ,_Interviews An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing_, Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications,Paisley, P. O., & Reeves, P. M. (2001). Qualitative research in counseling. In D. C. Locke, J. E. Myers, & E. L. Herr (Eds.), _The handbook of counseling_ (pp. 481-498). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage.Russell, L. (2005) _Its a question of trust balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldwork._ Qualitative Research Vol. 5 (2) 181-199Spencer, G. (1982) _Methodological issues in the Study of Bureaucratic Elites a case study of West Point. In Burgess, R.G. Field Research a Sourcebook and Field Manual_. London George Allen & Unwin.Spradley, J.P. (1979). _The Ethnographic Interview_. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Thrope, R. Holt, R. (2008) _The sage dictionary of qualitative management research._ Thousand Oaks, Sage PublicationsWiersma, W. 1986. _Research Methods in Education An Introduction._ Newton Allyn and Bacon.

Arts, Man on Wire, and Bomb the Suburbs

Lilian Sun Maczynska The Literary Imagination 20 August 2012 Arts, Man on Wire, and Bomb the Suburbs Pan to Houston, Texas at night. On an consequence of Stephen Fry in America, produced by Andre Singer, standing on a stage in a dimly lit room, surrounded by Houstons elite, pretender and comedian Stephen Fry speaks of the importance of the arts. Oscar Wilde quite rightly said, All art is use little. And that may sound as if that means its something non cost supporting. But if you actu exclusivelyy think about it, the things that matter in life are useless. Love is useless. Wine is useless. Art is the love and wine of life.It is the extra, without which life is not worth living. In contrast to Fry, there are people who wish the government would cut funding for the arts. And then there are the creative persons. People who involution for the right to practice their art, whether they consciously know theyre fighting or not. People who will go to amazing lengths to showcase their a rt, and their dedication and determination is what gets them mentioned class after year after year. People like Philippe Petit, the quirky French high-wire artist who flew from France just to walk on a wire across the rival Towers, whose life is forever immortalized in the documentary Man on Wire.People like William Upski Wimsatt, one of the most prolific Chicago-born graffiti artists, who inspired a genesis of graffiti artists to view graffiti as an art form in his book Bomb the Suburbs. Using whatever methods they can, nefarious or not, they both worked to achieve their dreams and take aim their message to the world. They managed to pull people out of the blase out tonicity mentioned in Georg Simmels scholarly shew The Metropolis and Mental feel.One of the most prominent situations where an artists dream pulled people out of the unc at one timerned manner in which they carried themselves was the 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers by Philippe Petit. High-wire pas eo is a form of tightrope walking, such(prenominal) like tight-wire walking, which is the simple art of maintaining balance while walking on a tensioned wire. The difference between the two is that high-wire is at a much great height. The amount of concentration and balance and individual must have to accomplish this is extremely important in the art of tightrope walking. This s a testament to the take aim of professionalism and dedication that Petit had. Although he gained his notoriety in the US for walking between the twin towers, he was already gaining observations from various other places in the world, such as France, where he walked between the two spires of the Notre Dame Cathedral, and Australia, where he walked between the two sides of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Petit realized his dream of walking between the Twin Towers when he was sixteen, curtly after he had taken up high-wire walking, while in the dentists office and molding an artists rendering of the towers as t hey would look when built.His passion for the art of high wire is best explained by Petit himself in the documentary Man on Wire directed by James Marsh. Life should be lived on the edge of life. You have to exercise rebellion to refuse to tape yourself to rules, to refuse your own success, to refuse to repeat yourself, to see any day, every year, every idea as a true challenge and then you are going to live your life on a tightrope. Because of his strong hope to be anything but boring, Petit put everything he had into his art.He practiced with family and friends, letting them help him improve so that one day he would achieve that dream of walking between the Twin Towers. After many years of planning and many hours the previous night setting up, Petit began taking his graduation steps on the wire. They were all indifferent and did not notice, except the people who were in on the coup (his nickname for the act). In 1903, German sociologist, Georg Simmel speaks of the blase attit ude the sights and sounds of the city brought to its inhabitants in his essay The Metropolis and Mental Life. There is perhaps no psychic phenomenon which has been so unconditionally reserved to the metropolis as the blase attitude. The blase attitude results first from the rapidly changing and closely compressed contrasting stimulations of the nerves. (Simmel par. 5) This is very much the attitude New Yorkers had when Petit started walking across the wire, on the Morning of August 7, 1974. tho after his then girlfriend, Annie Allix, began screaming and pointing to the people around them Look Look Look, a wire- pedestrian Hes walking did people look up and see him, this magnificent artist, walking on the wire, and they were astounded. Said the police officer, Sgt. Charles Daniels, who was sent to apprehend him, I observed the tight rope dancer because you couldnt call him a walker approximately half-way between the two towers. I personally figured I was watching something that s omebody else would never see again in the world. Thought it was once in a lifetime. By following his dream, no matter the risk (falling to his death, getting arrest d for trespassing), Philippe Petit brought to the world, his own little magic spell of art, forever immortalized in history, and will always be known as the man who laid in the clouds. Fast forward twenty years, and youve wandered into the time period of William Upski Wimsatt. A silly white boy, growing up in the ghetto of Chicago, he was gifted with the art of graffiti. Graffiti is a form of public art, usually spray painted on walls, lamppost, mail boxes, or any other public surfaces, originally used as a form of marking territories between gangs. As time progressed, it became less of a mark of territory, and more of an art form.When graffiti emerged as an art form in the late 1960s in New York City, it was immediately a contentious topic. (Bowen 22) The connotation with gangs and vandalism have fueled the media to paint it in a negative light, and many graffiti artists, or writers as many of them run across themselves, feel that if they spoke up about it, they would be patronized for their art and passion, especially since so many artists came from the ghetto, so instead, they just continued to quietly graffiti on their own, only signing their pieces with their signature, or what is known in the graffiti world as a tag.Above William Upski Womsotts tag (left), A piece by Upski entitled Upski (right) A 20-year-old Wimsatt saw the injustice behind this and set out to be a pioneering graffiti writer, to be a hip-hop transcriber in Chicago, and the be a hip hop journalist. (Wimsatt 164) in order to revel in the art of graffiti. He writes lets celebrate the city. lets celebrate the ghetto and the few people who arent running away from it. Lets stop jailor up the city.Lets stop fucking up the ghetto. Lets start defending it and making it work for us. (Wimsatt 11) On the surface of it all, it se ems as if Wimsatt only has a strong personal vendetta against suburbs, but he also supports the art of graffiti in a strong way, being an artist himself. With the publication of his book, he inspired a generation of graffiti artists in the 80s and 90s to not hide their art, but to display it proudly and have pride in it and they city in which they live.Although the act of vandalism is illegal (Wimsatt tells of stories where he had to hide and run from the police, or what he perceived to be the police in his paranoia), Wimsatt encourages the act of graffiti in spaces where it can be seen, musical composition to a fan and fledgling graffiti artist, Choose spots that maximize the good impact of the work, while minimizing its bad side-effects. Maximize public exposure, surprisingness and move of a piece, while minimizing its insult, and cost to people of the city.The best targets for piecing are usually abandoned buildings, rooftops, and neighborhood permission walls, especially in un expected places. Questionable targets take all public or private property that gets buffed and raises the cost of living. (Wimsatt 57) With this, he deliberately proves that he wants to bring recognition and fame to the beauty of the art of graffiti for the art, and not for any destructive reason. Petit and Wimsatt have both brought fame to themselves, and their arts.They both risked getting arrested by the police to be able to showcase this, to inspire a nation, and to motivate a generation. Through diligence, commitment, and persistence, artists every day, not just Philippe Petit and William Upski Wimsatt, contribute to the life force of the arts, as more and more people become aware of the importance of the arts, and pull in to support it. Petit and Though, yes, the arts are not necessary to live, and not every person needs it to be able to sustain a job or anything of the like, however, if one would just imagine the works without art, it is a bleak world.No paintings, no musi c, no tv, no fashion, no anything that makes this world one worth living in. same(p) Stephen Fry said, Art is the love and wine of life. It is the extra, without which life is not worth living. 10 Philippe Petit and William Upski Wimsatt unquestionably believe that. Works Cited * Bowen, Tracey E. Graffiti Art A present-day(a) Study of Toronto Artists. Studies in Art Education41. 1 (1999) 22-23. Print. * Fry, Stephen. Mountains and Plains. Stephen Fry in America. Dir. John-Paul Davidson and Michael Waldman.BBC. 02 Nov. 2008. Television. * Man on Wire. Dir. James Marsh. Prod. Simon Chinn. By Igor Martinovic, Michael Nyman, J. Ralph, and Jinx Godfrey. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. DVD. * Simmel, Georg. Altruists foreign 404 Error Page. Altruists International 404 Error Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012. http//www. altruists. org/static/files/The%20Metropolis%20and%20Mental%20Life%20(Georg%20Simmel). htm. * Wimsatt, William Upski. Bomb the Suburbs. New York, NY Soft Skull, 2000. Pr int.